Publications

I. Joel, A.A. Thorat, K.P. Girard, G. Capellades. Solvent Effects on Crystallization Kinetics: Investigating Trends Across Scales, Methods, and Process Analytical Technologies. Organic Process Research & Development 2025, 29, 2834-2845. Link

P. Sahu, J. Zaharof, K. Tomlinson, G. Capellades. Automated and Standardizable Approach to Quantify Crystal Nucleation and Growth Kinetics: Extension to Inorganic Salts. Chemical Engineering Research and Design 2025, 222, 532-543. Special Issue: Emerging Stars II. Link

G. Aprile, C. Devos, T. Vetter, G. Capellades, K.P. Girard, C.L. Burcham, V. Bhamidi, D. Green, T. Stelzer, R.D. Braatz, A.S. Myerson. Reflecting on Barriers to Continuous Pharmaceutical Crystallization. Nature Chemical Engineering 2025, 2, 520–523. Link

G. Capellades, F.L. Nordstrom. Industrial Crystallization. ACS In Focus 2025, eISBN #9780841295995. Link

A. Nong, C. Schleper, A. Martin, M. Paolello, F.L. Nordstrom, G. Capellades. Impurity Retention and Pharmaceutical Solid Solutions: Visualizing the Effect of Impurities on Dissolution and Growth using Dyed Crystals. CrystEngComm 2024, 26, 5337-5350. Link

F. Ghanem, P.M. Kodate, G. Capellades, K.M. Yenkie. Optimal Design of Antibody Extraction Systems using Protein A Resin with Multicycling. Systems and Control Transactions 2024, 3, 283-291. Link

S. Mohajerani, M. Paolello, B. Linehan, F. Ricci, G. Capellades, F.L. Nordstrom. Thermodynamic Stability Transitions and Coexistence of Two Polymorphs via Crystalline Solid Solutions: The T-X Phase Diagram of Salicylic Acid and 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid. Crystal Growth & Design 2024, 24, 11, 4847–4861. Link

M. Paolello, S. Mohajerani, B. Linehan, F. Ricci, G. Capellades, F.L. Nordstrom. Polymorphic stability shifts, Co-crystals and Crystalline Solid Solutions. The T-X Phase Diagram of Salicylic acid – Salicylamide. Crystal Growth & Design 2024, 24, 5, 2188-2201. Link

F.L. Nordstrom, M. Paolello, N. Yao, T. Armiger, Q. Jiang, J. Nicholson, J. Kratz, M. Toresco, A. Lipp, S. Witte, M. Henry, C.S. Shultz, E. Sirota, G. Capellades. Concomitant Precipitation of Solid-State Miscible Product-Impurity Phases in Solution Crystallization. Part 2: Industrial Case Studies. Organic Process Research & Development 2024, 28, 2, 388–403. Link

F.L. Nordstrom, M. Paolello, N. Yao, T. Armiger, Q. Jiang, J. Nicholson, J. Kratz, M. Toresco, A. Lipp, S. Witte, M. Henry, C.S. Shultz, E. Sirota, G. Capellades. Concomitant Precipitation of Solid-State Miscible Product-Impurity Phases in Solution Crystallization. Part 1: Theoretical Basis and Workflow for Efficient Impurity Rejection. Organic Process Research & Development 2024, 28, 2, 367–387. Link

P. Sahu, B. Gao, S. Bhatti, G. Capellades, K.M. Yenkie. Process Design Framework for Inorganic Salt Recovery Using Antisolvent Crystallization (ASC). ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 2024, 12, 154-165. Link

M. Paolello, I. Bichari, D. Brouckaert, M. Francis, D. Yang, G. Capellades. Kinetic Optimization of the Batch Crystallization of an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient in the Presence of a Low-Solubility, Precipitating Impurity. Crystals 2023, 13, 1569. Link

G. Aprile, A.V. Pandit, J. Albertazzi, A. Eren, G. Capellades, A.A. Thorat, J.C. Gamekkanda, T. Vetter, T. Skovby, G. Sin, H. Wu, K. Dam-Johansen, A.S. Myerson. Loop-Configuration for Plug Flow Crystallization Process Development. Crystal Growth & Design 2023, 23, 8052-8064. Link

I.J. Dela Cruz, J.V.D. Perez, B.G. Alamani, G. Capellades, A.S. Myerson. Effects of pH on the Quiescent Crystallization of Glycine in Small Volumes. Acta Crystallographica Section A: Foundations and Advances 2023, 79(a2):C809-C809. Link

R.J. Arruda, P.A.J. Cally, A. Wylie, N. Shah, I. Joel, Z.A. Leff, A. Clark, G. Fountain, L. Neves, J. Kratz, A.A. Thorat, I. Marziano, P.R. Rose, K.P. Girard, G. Capellades. Automated and Material-Sparing Workflow for the Measurement of Crystal Nucleation and Growth Kinetics. Crystal Growth & Design 2023, 23, 3845–3861. Link

F.L. Nordstrom, E. Sirota, C. Hartmanshenn, T.T. Kwok, M. Paolello, H. Li, V. Abeyta, T. Bramante, E. Madrigal, T. Behre, G. Capellades. Prevalence of Impurity Retention Mechanisms in Pharmaceutical Crystallizations. Organic Process Research & Development 2023, 27, 723–741. Link

D. Scott, N. Briggs, A. Formosa, A. Burnett, B. Desai, G. Hammersmith, K. Rapp, G. Capellades, A.S. Myerson, T.D. Roper. Impurity Purging Through Systematic Process Development of a Continuous Two-Stage Crystallization. Organic Process Research & Development 2023, 27, 148-158. Link

G. Capellades, J.O. Bonsu, A.S. Myerson. Impurity Incorporation in Solution Crystallization: Diagnosis, Prevention, and Control. CrystEngComm 2022, 24, 1989-2001. Link

G. Capellades, C. Neurohr, N. Briggs, K. Rapp, G. Hammersmith, D. Brancazio, B. Derksen, A.S. Myerson. On-Demand Continuous Manufacturing of Ciprofloxacin in Portable Plug-and-Play Factories: Implementation and In Situ Control of Downstream Production. Organic Process Research & Development 2021, 25, 1534-1546. Link

I.J. Dela Cruz, J.V. Perez, B.G. Alamani, G. Capellades, A.S. Myerson. Influence of Volume on the Nucleation of Model Organic Molecular Crystals through an Induction Time Approach. Crystal Growth & Design 2021, 21, 2932-2941. Link

M. Azad, G. Capellades, A.B. Wang, D.M. Klee, G. Hammersmith, K. Rapp, D. Brancazio, A.S. Myerson. Impact of Critical Material Attributes (CMAs) – Particle Shape on Miniature Pharmaceutical Unit Operations. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021, 22, 1-11. Link

A.S. Myerson, D. Brancazio, M. Azad, G. Hammersmith, G. Capellades, C. Neurohr, K. Rapp. Devices and Methods for the Integrated Filtration, Drying, and Mechanical Processing of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients. U.S. Patent App. 16/933,158, 2020. Link

L. Rogers, N. Briggs, R. Achermann, A. Adamo, M. Azad, D. Brancazio, G. Capellades, G. Hammersmith, T. Hart, J. Imbrogno, L.P. Kelly, G. Liang, C. Neurohr, K. Rapp, M.G. Russell, C. Salz, D.A. Thomas, L. Weimann, T.F. Jamison, A.S. Myerson, K.F. Jensen. Continuous Production of Five Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Flexible Plug-and-Play Modules: A Demonstration Campaign. Organic Process Research & Development 2020, 24, 2183-2196. Link

A.J. Maloney, E. Içten, G. Capellades, M.G. Beaver, X. Zhu, L.R. Graham, D.B. Brown, D.J. Griffin, R. Sangodkar, A. Allian, S. Huggins, R. Hart, P. Rolandi, S.D. Walker, R.D. Braatz. A Virtual Plant for Integrated Continuous Manufacturing of a Carfilzomib Drug Substance Intermediate, Part 3: Manganese-Catalyzed Asymmetric Epoxidation, Crystallization, and Filtration. Organic Process Research & Development 2020, 24, 1891-1908. Link

G. Capellades, C. Neurohr, M. Azad, D. Brancazio, K. Rapp, G. Hammersmith, A.S. Myerson. A Compact Device for the Integrated Filtration, Drying, and Mechanical Processing of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2020, 109, 1365-1372. Link

J.M. Schall, G. Capellades, J.S. Mandur, R.D. Braatz, A.S. Myerson. Incorporating Solvent-Dependent Kinetics to Design a Multi-Stage, Continuous, Combined Cooling/Antisolvent Crystallization Process. Organic Process Research & Development 2019, 23, 1960-1969. Link

J.M. Schall, G. Capellades, A.S. Myerson. Methods for Estimating Supersaturation in Antisolvent Crystallization Systems. CrystEngComm 2019, 21, 5811-5817. Link

G. Capellades, H. Wiemeyer, A.S. Myerson. Mixed-Suspension, Mixed-Product Removal Studies of Ciprofloxacin from Pure and Crude Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients: The Role of Impurities on Solubility and Kinetics. Crystal Growth & Design 2019, 19, 4008-4018. Link

G. Capellades, A. Duso, K. Dam-Johansen, M.J. Mealy, T.V. Christensen, S. Kiil. Continuous Crystallization with Gas Entrainment: Evaluating the Effect of a Moving Gas Phase in an MSMPR Crystallizer. Organic Process Research & Development 2019, 23, 252-262. Link

G. Capellades, P.U. Joshi, K. Dam-Johansen, M.J. Mealy, T.V. Christensen, S. Kiil. Characterization of a Multistage Continuous MSMPR Crystallization Process Assisted by Image Analysis of Elongated Crystals. Crystal Growth & Design 2018, 18, 6455-6469. Link

G. Capellades, S. Kiil, K. Dam-Johansen, M.J. Mealy, T.V. Christensen, A.S. Myerson. Effect of Air Injection on Nucleation Rates: an Approach from Induction Time Statistics. Crystal Growth & Design 2017, 17, 3287-3294. Link

A. Nong, C. Schleper, A. Martin, M. Paolello, F.L. Nordstrom, G. Capellades. Impurity Retention and Pharmaceutical Solid Solutions: Visualizing the Effect of Impurities on Dissolution and Growth using Dyed Crystals. CrystEngComm 2024, 26, 5337-5350. Link

F.L. Nordstrom, M. Paolello, N. Yao, T. Armiger, Q. Jiang, J. Nicholson, J. Kratz, M. Toresco, A. Lipp, S. Witte, M. Henry, C.S. Shultz, E. Sirota, G. Capellades. Concomitant Precipitation of Solid-State Miscible Product-Impurity Phases in Solution Crystallization. Part 1: Theoretical Basis and Workflow for Efficient Impurity Rejection. Organic Process Research & Development 2024, 28, 2, 367–387. Link

F.L. Nordstrom, M. Paolello, N. Yao, T. Armiger, Q. Jiang, J. Nicholson, J. Kratz, M. Toresco, A. Lipp, S. Witte, M. Henry, C.S. Shultz, E. Sirota, G. Capellades. Concomitant Precipitation of Solid-State Miscible Product-Impurity Phases in Solution Crystallization. Part 2: Industrial Case Studies. Organic Process Research & Development 2024, 28, 2, 388–403. Link

M. Paolello, I. Bichari, D. Brouckaert, M. Francis, D. Yang, G. Capellades. Kinetic Optimization of the Batch Crystallization of an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient in the Presence of a Low-Solubility, Precipitating Impurity. Crystals 2023, 13, 1569. Link

F.L. Nordstrom, E. Sirota, C. Hartmanshenn, T.T. Kwok, M. Paolello, H. Li, V. Abeyta, T. Bramante, E. Madrigal, T. Behre, G. Capellades. Prevalence of Impurity Retention Mechanisms in Pharmaceutical Crystallizations. Organic Process Research & Development 2023, 27, 723–741. Link

D. Scott, N. Briggs, A. Formosa, A. Burnett, B. Desai, G. Hammersmith, K. Rapp, G. Capellades, A.S. Myerson, T.D. Roper. Impurity Purging Through Systematic Process Development of a Continuous Two-Stage Crystallization. Organic Process Research & Development 2023, 27, 148-158. Link

G. Capellades, J.O. Bonsu, A.S. Myerson. Impurity Incorporation in Solution Crystallization: Diagnosis, Prevention, and Control. CrystEngComm 2022, 24, 1989-2001. Link

G. Capellades, H. Wiemeyer, A.S. Myerson. Mixed-Suspension, Mixed-Product Removal Studies of Ciprofloxacin from Pure and Crude Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients: The Role of Impurities on Solubility and Kinetics. Crystal Growth & Design 2019, 19, 4008-4018. Link

A. Nong, C. Schleper, A. Martin, M. Paolello, F.L. Nordstrom, G. Capellades. Impurity Retention and Pharmaceutical Solid Solutions: Visualizing the Effect of Impurities on Dissolution and Growth using Dyed Crystals. CrystEngComm 2024, 26, 5337-5350. Link

S. Mohajerani, M. Paolello, B. Linehan, F. Ricci, G. Capellades, F.L. Nordstrom. Thermodynamic Stability Transitions and Coexistence of Two Polymorphs via Crystalline Solid Solutions: The T-X Phase Diagram of Salicylic Acid and 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid. Crystal Growth & Design 2024, 24, 11, 4847–4861. Link

M. Paolello, S. Mohajerani, B. Linehan, F. Ricci, G. Capellades, F.L. Nordstrom. Polymorphic stability shifts, Co-crystals and Crystalline Solid Solutions. The T-X Phase Diagram of Salicylic acid – Salicylamide. Crystal Growth & Design 2024, 24, 5, 2188-2201. Link

F.L. Nordstrom, M. Paolello, N. Yao, T. Armiger, Q. Jiang, J. Nicholson, J. Kratz, M. Toresco, A. Lipp, S. Witte, M. Henry, C.S. Shultz, E. Sirota, G. Capellades. Concomitant Precipitation of Solid-State Miscible Product-Impurity Phases in Solution Crystallization. Part 1: Theoretical Basis and Workflow for Efficient Impurity Rejection. Organic Process Research & Development 2024, 28, 2, 367–387. Link

F.L. Nordstrom, M. Paolello, N. Yao, T. Armiger, Q. Jiang, J. Nicholson, J. Kratz, M. Toresco, A. Lipp, S. Witte, M. Henry, C.S. Shultz, E. Sirota, G. Capellades. Concomitant Precipitation of Solid-State Miscible Product-Impurity Phases in Solution Crystallization. Part 2: Industrial Case Studies. Organic Process Research & Development 2024, 28, 2, 388–403. Link

F.L. Nordstrom, E. Sirota, C. Hartmanshenn, T.T. Kwok, M. Paolello, H. Li, V. Abeyta, T. Bramante, E. Madrigal, T. Behre, G. Capellades. Prevalence of Impurity Retention Mechanisms in Pharmaceutical Crystallizations. Organic Process Research & Development 2023, 27, 723–741. Link

I. Joel, A.A. Thorat, K.P. Girard, G. Capellades. Solvent Effects on Crystallization Kinetics: Investigating Trends Across Scales, Methods, and Process Analytical Technologies. Organic Process Research & Development 2025, 29, 2834-2845. Link

P. Sahu, J. Zaharof, K. Tomlinson, G. Capellades. Automated and Standardizable Approach to Quantify Crystal Nucleation and Growth Kinetics: Extension to Inorganic Salts. Chemical Engineering Research and Design 2025, 222, 532-543, Special Issue: Emerging Stars II. Link

R.J. Arruda, P.A.J. Cally, A. Wylie, N. Shah, I. Joel, Z.A. Leff, A. Clark, G. Fountain, L. Neves, J. Kratz, A.A. Thorat, I. Marziano, P.R. Rose, K.P. Girard, G. Capellades. Automated and Material-Sparing Workflow for the Measurement of Crystal Nucleation and Growth Kinetics. Crystal Growth & Design 2023, 23, 3845–3861. Link

G. Aprile, C. Devos, T. Vetter, G. Capellades, K.P. Girard, C.L. Burcham, V. Bhamidi, D. Green, T. Stelzer, R.D. Braatz, A.S. Myerson. Reflecting on Barriers to Continuous Pharmaceutical Crystallization. Nature Chemical Engineering 2025, 2, 520–523. Link

F. Ghanem, P.M. Kodate, G. Capellades, K.M. Yenkie. Optimal Design of Antibody Extraction Systems using Protein A Resin with Multicycling. Systems and Control Transactions 2024, 3, 283-291. Link

G. Aprile, A.V. Pandit, J. Albertazzi, A. Eren, G. Capellades, A.A. Thorat, J.C. Gamekkanda, T. Vetter, T. Skovby, G. Sin, H. Wu, K. Dam-Johansen, A.S. Myerson. Loop-Configuration for Plug Flow Crystallization Process Development. Crystal Growth & Design 2023, 23, 8052-8064. Link

D. Scott, N. Briggs, A. Formosa, A. Burnett, B. Desai, G. Hammersmith, K. Rapp, G. Capellades, A.S. Myerson, T.D. Roper. Impurity Purging Through Systematic Process Development of a Continuous Two-Stage Crystallization. Organic Process Research & Development 2023, 27, 148-158. Link

G. Capellades, C. Neurohr, N. Briggs, K. Rapp, G. Hammersmith, D. Brancazio, B. Derksen, A.S. Myerson. On-Demand Continuous Manufacturing of Ciprofloxacin in Portable Plug-and-Play Factories: Implementation and In Situ Control of Downstream Production. Organic Process Research & Development 2021, 25, 1534-1546. Link

L. Rogers, N. Briggs, R. Achermann, A. Adamo, M. Azad, D. Brancazio, G. Capellades, G. Hammersmith, T. Hart, J. Imbrogno, L.P. Kelly, G. Liang, C. Neurohr, K. Rapp, M.G. Russell, C. Salz, D.A. Thomas, L. Weimann, T.F. Jamison, A.S. Myerson, K.F. Jensen. Continuous Production of Five Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Flexible Plug-and-Play Modules: A Demonstration Campaign. Organic Process Research & Development 2020, 24, 2183-2196. Link

A.J. Maloney, E. Içten, G. Capellades, M.G. Beaver, X. Zhu, L.R. Graham, D.B. Brown, D.J. Griffin, R. Sangodkar, A. Allian, S. Huggins, R. Hart, P. Rolandi, S.D. Walker, R.D. Braatz. A Virtual Plant for Integrated Continuous Manufacturing of a Carfilzomib Drug Substance Intermediate, Part 3: Manganese-Catalyzed Asymmetric Epoxidation, Crystallization, and Filtration. Organic Process Research & Development 2020, 24, 1891-1908. Link

J.M. Schall, G. Capellades, J.S. Mandur, R.D. Braatz, A.S. Myerson. Incorporating Solvent-Dependent Kinetics to Design a Multi-Stage, Continuous, Combined Cooling/Antisolvent Crystallization Process. Organic Process Research & Development 2019, 23, 1960-1969. Link

G. Capellades, H. Wiemeyer, A.S. Myerson. Mixed-Suspension, Mixed-Product Removal Studies of Ciprofloxacin from Pure and Crude Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients: The Role of Impurities on Solubility and Kinetics. Crystal Growth & Design 2019, 19, 4008-4018. Link

G. Capellades, A. Duso, K. Dam-Johansen, M.J. Mealy, T.V. Christensen, S. Kiil. Continuous Crystallization with Gas Entrainment: Evaluating the Effect of a Moving Gas Phase in an MSMPR Crystallizer. Organic Process Research & Development 2019, 23, 252-262. Link

G. Capellades, P.U. Joshi, K. Dam-Johansen, M.J. Mealy, T.V. Christensen, S. Kiil. Characterization of a Multistage Continuous MSMPR Crystallization Process Assisted by Image Analysis of Elongated Crystals. Crystal Growth & Design 2018, 18, 6455-6469. Link

M. Azad, G. Capellades, A.B. Wang, D.M. Klee, G. Hammersmith, K. Rapp, D. Brancazio, A.S. Myerson. Impact of Critical Material Attributes (CMAs) – Particle Shape on Miniature Pharmaceutical Unit Operations. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021, 22, 1-11. Link

G. Capellades, C. Neurohr, M. Azad, D. Brancazio, K. Rapp, G. Hammersmith, A.S. Myerson. A Compact Device for the Integrated Filtration, Drying, and Mechanical Processing of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2020, 109, 1365-1372. Link

I.J. Dela Cruz, J.V.D. Perez, B.G. Alamani, G. Capellades, A.S. Myerson. Effects of pH on the Quiescent Crystallization of Glycine in Small Volumes. Acta Crystallographica Section A: Foundations and Advances 2023, 79(a2):C809-C809. Link

I.J. Dela Cruz, J.V. Perez, B.G. Alamani, G. Capellades, A.S. Myerson. Influence of Volume on the Nucleation of Model Organic Molecular Crystals through an Induction Time Approach. Crystal Growth & Design 2021, 21, 2932-2941. Link

G. Capellades, S. Kiil, K. Dam-Johansen, M.J. Mealy, T.V. Christensen, A.S. Myerson. Effect of Air Injection on Nucleation Rates: an Approach from Induction Time Statistics. Crystal Growth & Design 2017, 17, 3287-3294. Link